Jonathan Kozol - The Shame of the Nation: Essay 1
You have been appointed by President Obama to serve as a teacher representative on the “U.S. Commission for Improving the Quality of Education Opportunity for Marginalized Children in the United States.” In particular, President Obama is curious about your opinions on Jonathan Kozol’s book entitled The Shame of the Nation. The President has asked you to summarize Kozol’s primary theses as represented in the book, support or refute Kozol’s claims of “Apartheid Schooling” in the U.S., and provide your own recommendations on improving the quality of education opportunity for marginalized children in the United States. President Obama has asked you to submit to him a letter that is no longer than 3 pages addressing these issues and providing specific citations (i.e., book, notes, documents) to support your answers.
As an advocate for equality in schools, I fully support the claims made in Jonathan Kozol’s book, The Shame of the Nations. Segregation in schools, while on paper looks together and perfect, in reality is still very prevalent. It is not that the problem was not addressed years ago, it is that there has not been progress since. The quality of the schools Kozol visits and reports about are horrendous and heartbreaking. He brings light to the darkness of the situations that lie within the school of the New York area. He addresses the segregation, issues of race and poverty, teachers, the academic system and curriculum, and most importantly the students within this mess. The first step to improving this situation is to discuss the problem and get everything out in the open, this is where Kozol comes in.
Laws against segregation and motions had been passed to make segregation illegal, but that did not fix the problem entirely. As beneficial as these laws and regulations are, they can also be a crutch for fixing the problem. “There is no misery index for the children of apartheid education… you have to do what children do and breathe the air the children breathe. I don’t think that there is any other way to find out what the lives that children lead in school are real like” (Kozol, 163). This right here is why the issues of segregation are so treacherous. It is not the school we look at or even the materials but it hurts the children and their education first and foremost. For those living amongst this problem, the truth of the matter is that there has not been a remedy to this problem of segregation. I would say one of the most significant downfalls is our lack of awareness of this issue. It is messy and complicated so it tends to be shoved under the rug instead of dealt with. This is the biggest downfall of the desegregation system that took place so many years ago. From a Christian view point, the problem also lies in the hearts of people. This fact cannot be ignored. Without people taking notice of this issue and waning to see justice done, this issue with continue to sit still and brew until something bad has to happen again to bring this issue to the surface. Our children will have to deal with the consequences of oblivion.
So many of these issues are intertwined, it is hard to separate and pinpoint the problem. The “white flight” mentality has continued over the years if not increased. There are always two sides of the story but through the lens of segregation, this is a huge issue. This “shame of the nation” in run down schools is a result of people caught in an inescapable trap. By this I mean whites, for the most part in the areas he addresses, take care and worry about themselves and do not want to help fund schools they see no hope from or have no connection to. They continue to move out or move on while leaving the problem behind to grow and get worse. The impoverished communities have nothing to grow on and no where to go so they continue to get worse. This is the cycle or system most school are stuck in. Kozol’s book sounds harsh and horrible but all he is doing is bringing the problem to the surface. This mentality of “get out and move on” really hurts the problem we have in education. It is not always done out of fear or bitterness but the actions leave the same results. If we paused for a second and reflected on this very statement that Kozol makes in his book, we might have a different take, “You find that almost everything that people feared was false- the apprehension disappears. Then there is this wonderful discovery that people make: children whom they thought to be so different from their own kids aren’t so different after all” (Kozol 223). Like before, there was this fear of segregation in the 50’s and 60’s that seemed impossible to accomplish. There was breakthrough and now we as educators must continue on that journey. This twisted reality that we live in can be helped by one person’s voice making a difference. It is about the individual child and equating all children. We must be their advocates to fight for them and to show them that despite their background and what they hear that they are equal and that everyone deserves and education.
Another area that needs to be addressed is how sometimes segregation is very commonly blamed on class divides. While this affects the problem it is not the problem. Again it goes back to not being aware of the issue in the first place, “Some of our most segregated urban neighborhoods lie just adjacent to well-funded districts serving middle-class communities. Less than a fifteen-minute bus ride often separates our wealthiest and poorest schooling systems” (Kozol, 204). It is sad to see such a divide in the community that most of the time does have to do with race. In an attempt to not step on toes, a common remedy to the problem is blaming the issue on class division. The reason we can so easily falter to blame the segregation on class is because we have never gone through something so huge as nation where class was the center of it like we did during the civil rights movements. To blame the problem on race once again stirs up problems and grudges of what happened during that time. It is a safe place to blame it on class because it does not point out one racial group or point the finger at one specific group of people. In all honesty the through way we “separate class” is based on race. When we so focus on these two aspects again the worth of the child is thrown out the window and stereotypes become such a strong hold. We have to bring ourselves back to the student and their worth and success in the school system.
I want to end with the most important aspect and I believe the heart of Kozol’s purpose and message of his book; the worth of the individual student. The individual student is why we are teachers, why we feel passionate to do what we do, and the reason the class exists. It is hard, at the same time, to constantly have that perspective when the classroom is made up of about of 25 or so individuals. The pressure to keep the class running smoothly and to get everything accomplished within the allotted time give a day, is what makes the focus on in the individual student to be blurred at times. Never the less, the individual student needs to be where our attention is. With that being said, the different races of our students should not affect the way we teach in a negative way. We need to see our students for who they are as person and take into account their backgrounds but look beyond their race. It is sadly easy to stereotype and assume but it is also our jobs to be there source of encouragement and support. This is where I believe Kozol wanted to focus on the individual child. He wanted to make us aware of the severity of the situation so we could therefore turn around and see the child in the midst of the chaos.